'Monokeros,' or unicorns in imagery and myth, II
Medieval History

'Monokeros,' or unicorns in imagery and myth, II


 
Relief showing a Stag and Unicorn, ca. 950, Italian, near Nola. This relief from a church in Nola (near Naples) formed part of a transenna, a low wall that demarcated the church's presbytery, an area reserved for the clergy. The motif of opposed animals and the sacred tree apparently had its origin in Sumerian art, from where it passed to Mediterranean cultures and thence to Europe, assuming a symbolic reference to the Resurrection. Though pairs of stags and pairs of unicorns are common, this is the only known instance of the one animal opposing the other. Their abstract representation may have been influenced by Byzantine and North African textiles, which were widely available in Southern Italy.
Marvels of the East, Folio #: fol. 048v-049r. Middle of twelfth century, English. Hunter lances unicorn in virgin's lap. Copies a prototype of 11th century, probably: London, B.L., Cotton MS. Tiberius B. V.
 
Bestiary, Folio 022r. Second quarter of thirteenth century, English. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Monoceros; mythical beast with unicorn head and paws, horse's body.
Beautiful capital.
Bestiary, Folio #: fol. 010v. Second quarter of thirteenth century. Companion MS. of London, B.L., Harley MS. 4751. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Another image of huntsmen slaughtering a unicorn in the maiden's lap...
Psalter, opening. Folio #: fol. 018v-019r. End of thirteenth century, French, made in Artois. Manuscript made for Joffroy d'Aspremont and his wife. Second portion of a Book of Hours, now in Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria.
I haven't seen a unicorn presented like this before, with a rider and a hawk. Interesting. 
 
Book of Hours. Use of Metz. Penitential psalms. Office for the dead. Folio/Page #: fol. 221v. Beginning of fourteenth century, French, made in Metz. Text: beginning of Compline (Hours of the Virgin). Historiated initial 'C(onuerte)' with Coronation of the Virgin. Christ seated beside kneeling Virgin places a crown on her head. Champ initials and decorated initials with penwork flourishing. Bar border decorated with ivy tendrils, dragon, unicorn fighting other animal (lion?). Bodleian Library, University of Oxford




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